Indoor air carries allergens such as mold spores, fungal fragments, dust mite particles, and bacteria that worsen allergies and respiratory conditions. Filters like HEPA systems capture many of these particles, but they often fail to neutralize the biological agents that trigger allergic reactions. Ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly UV-C, offers a powerful way to deactivate these airborne threats.
How UV Light Works
UV-C light, with wavelengths between 200 and 280 nanometers, acts as a germicidal agent. It damages the DNA or RNA of microorganisms and stops them from reproducing or staying biologically active. When mold spores or bacteria pass through sufficient UV exposure, the radiation strips away their ability to provoke immune responses. Some studies also show that UV can directly alter allergenic proteins, making them less potent.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Researchers have demonstrated how quickly UV light reduces airborne allergens. In one study, UV exposure lowered allergen levels by 20 to 25 percent in just half an hour, and in certain cases, reduced cat allergen by more than 60 percent. In HVAC systems and upper-room installations, UV lights continuously strike microbes as air circulates, steadily decreasing allergen loads.
Applications Indoors
Homes and buildings now use UV lights in multiple ways. HVAC systems place UV lamps near coils and ducts to prevent microbial growth, while in-room systems shine light into upper air zones to disinfect circulating air. When people combine UV treatment with traditional filtration, they not only trap particles but also deactivate biological contaminants.
A Promising Path for Cleaner Air
Properly designed UV systems provide a safe and effective way to combat allergens indoors. By continuously deactivating biological agents and supporting filters, UV light creates cleaner, healthier air in homes and public spaces.
